RICSA
type: channel
description: Revista Científica Internacional de Ciencias de la Salud, cumple con las normas editoriales y estándares de calidad requeridos por los servicios de indización nacionales, regionales e internacionales, por lo tanto, los artículos publicados son arbitrados por un comité de pares. Una política de acceso abierto.
publisher: Universidad Nacional de Tumbes
language: en
publication name: RICSA
copyright: RICSA is an open access journal distributed under the terms and conditions of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license
items: Factors Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV at a Hospital in Trujillo, Peru, 2023
items: The 2026 healthcare landscape, navigating theconvergence of tectonic forces: A SICs Strategic Outlook
items: Etoricoxib-Induced Fixed Drug Eruption with Cutaneous and Mucosal Involvement: A Case Report
items: Epidemiological and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Dengue Cases in an Endemic Region of Northern Peru, 2024
items: Predisposing factors associated with dengue, chikungunya and leptospirosis in patients with febrile syndrome in the department of Tumbes, Peru
items: Cat scratch disease: case report in a child
items: Maternal Complementary Feeding Practices Associated with Anemia in Children Aged 6–24 Months
items: Adherence as a Critical Survival Variable in Dengue: Evidence from the Peruvian Experience
items: Altered body mass index and gestational complications: a case-control study in primary healthcare
items: Epilepsy and inhibitory neurotransmission: the role of gaba in neuronal balance and brain excitability
items: Physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the regulation of the menstrual cycle in perimenopausal women
items: Physiology of vitamin d and bone metabolism: implications for osteoporosis and rickets
items: Factors associated with BLEE antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in childrenunder 5 years of age treated at a hospital in Trujillo 2024.
items: INTRALOBAR PULMONARY SEQUESTRATION AS A CAUSE OF RECURRENT PNEUMONIAS IN AN ADULT WOMAN: A CASE REPORT
items: Peripheral Ion Channel Dysfunction as a Physiological Mechanism of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
items: “Numerical inconsistencies in 'albumin' and 'bulky disease' in patients ≥80 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma”
items: Collaborative Research Networks to Transform Public Health in Latin America
items: Hospital Risk Factors for Neonatal Mortality: A New Strategy
items: Strategies to Enhance Healthcare Workers’ Quality of Work Life
items: Lessons Learned and Resilience Strategies in Post-Pandemic Maternal and Neonatal Care
items: Differences in Postpartum Depression Among Adolescent, Young, and Advanced Maternal Age Mothers in Two Health Centers in Trujillo, 2024
items: Challenges in Research for Undergraduate Students: “We Are in Community, Not Alone.”
items: TRANSPORT OF FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES IN THE INTESTINE: PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES
items: Role of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Arterial Hypertension
items: Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
items: Hemodynamic Alterations in Patients with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease UndergoingHemodialysis
items: Interpretation of the ECG as a diagnostic tool in cardiac electrophysiology
items: Digestive physiology and intestinal microbiota: functional integration, neuroendocrine regulationand clinical relevance
items: Inflammatory Mechanisms in Action: Unraveling Their Central Role in Atherosclerosis
items: Knowledge of the preventive triad against rabies and associated factors in the Peruvian population: a cross-sectional study based on ENAPRES 2024

Factors Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV at a Hospital in Trujillo, Peru, 2023
type: item
description: Objective: analyze the risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HIV patients during 2023. Material and Method: analytical, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective. The sample consisted of 141 patients diagnosed with HIV, treated at a hospital in Trujillo, among whom 42 cases of fatty liver disease were found. Factors such as obesity, DM II, disease treatment duration, coinfection with HBV and HCV, as well as a trend in gender, were observed. A chi-square test was performed, yielding a p-value of less than 0.005. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to adjust PR, using the SPSS program. Results: Highlighting a prevalence of 29.79%. It was identified that age, gender (higher risk in men), the duration of antiretroviral treatment, and coinfections with HBV and HCV (X2 = 297.4) (p-value = 0.001) (X2 = 249.6) (p-value = 0.001) have a significant relationship with the presence of NAFLD. Additionally, type II diabetes mellitus and obesity are key factors, suggesting the importance of an integrated management approach to reduce the impact of NAFLD in this population. Conclusions: They indicate that obesity and type II diabetes mellitus increase the risk of NAFLD in patients with HIV, while coinfection with HBV and, especially, with HCV also contributes to the development of this condition.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM II); Obesity; HCV; HBV; HIV; Hepatic Steatosis; Gender. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Cristian Díaz Vélez
creator: Yersin Silva Silva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Díaz Vélez, Yersin Silva Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 4
ending page: 13
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.002

The 2026 healthcare landscape, navigating theconvergence of tectonic forces: A SICs Strategic Outlook
type: item
description: Declaración de autoría: El autor declara haber participado en la concepción, redacción y revisión crítica del contenido intelectual de este artículo, así como en la aprobación final de la versión que se presenta. El contenido y las opiniones expresadas son responsabilidad exclusiva del autor y no necesariamente reflejan la postura oficial de todas las organizaciones mencionadas, salvo donde se especifica la metodología de Seniors International Consulting (SICs). Declaración de conflicto de interés: El autor declara que me desempeña el cargo de Organizational Transformation Manager en Seniors International Consulting (SICs), organización que provee servicios de consultoría y gestión de riesgos mencionados en este texto. No obstante, manifiesta que no existen intereses económicos, comerciales o personales que hayan influido de manera indebida en la objetividad o integridad de la información presentada en este análisis. Financiamiento: El autor declara que no recibió financiamiento externo específico de agencias de subvenciones, organismos gubernamentales o entidades comerciales. El desarrollo del presente análisis se realizó como parte de las actividades de investigación y divulgación estratégica de Seniors International Consulting (SICs) para el año 2026.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Víctor Piriz Correa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Víctor Piriz Correa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.001

Etoricoxib-Induced Fixed Drug Eruption with Cutaneous and Mucosal Involvement: A Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction characterized by erythematous- violaceous plaques recurring at identical anatomical sites upon re-exposure to the causative drug, with persistent residual hyperpigmentation. Etoricoxib, a widely used COX-2 inhibitor, is an increasingly recognized trigger. Case Report: A 49-year-old woman developed hyperpigmented plaques on the arms and oral mucosa eight hours after a single dose of etoricoxib 120 mg for acute low back pain. A clinically identical episode had occurred two years earlier at the same sites, initially misdiagnosed as herpetic infection. Diagnosis was established by temporal chronology, exact anatomical recurrence, and a Naranjo score of 10 (definite causal relationship). Management comprised drug discontinuation, oral antihistamine, and topical corticosteroid, with favorable outpatient evolution. Conclusion: This case illustrates etoricoxib-induced FDE with cutaneous and mucosal involvement and exact site recurrence. Early recognition, definitive discontinuation, and pharmacovigilance reporting are clinical imperatives to prevent recurrence and ensure safe alternatives.
subject: Reporte de casos
  topic: section
subject: Fixed drug eruption; Etoricoxib; Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors; Drug Hypersensitivity; Pharmacovigilance. (Source: MeSH-NLM
  topic: keywords
creator: LUZ MARIA
creator: Lucia Margarita Bolivar Herrada
creator: Martha Patricia Diaz Guevara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 LUZ MARIA Moyano Vidal, Lucia Margarita Bolivar Herrada, Martha Patricia Diaz Guevara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 67
ending page: 72
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.010

Epidemiological and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Dengue Cases in an Endemic Region of Northern Peru, 2024
type: item
description: Objective: To describe the epidemiological behavior of dengue in the Tumbes region during 2024 according to demographic, social, and geographic variables. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study based on epidemiological surveillance and laboratory records from the Regional Health Directorate of Tumbes. Confirmed cases by NS1 antigen, IgM, or RT-PCR tests were included. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and median with interquartile range for numerical variables with non-normal distribution. Results: A total of 2,594 dengue cases were confirmed. The median age was 22 years (IQR: 12–38). The most affected age groups were 30–59 years (29.6%) and 0–11 years (24.4%). The highest concentration of cases occurred in the province of Tumbes (92.1%). Diagnostic confirmation was mainly performed through NS1 antigen detection (77.5%), followed by IgM (23.8%) and RT-PCR (1.4%). Transmission showed a predominantly urban pattern and marked seasonality, with a higher number of cases during months with higher temperature and precipitation. Conclusion: Dengue in Tumbes during 2024 mainly affected young populations, was concentrated in urban areas, and showed marked seasonality associated with climatic conditions favorable for transmission. These findings may help strengthen epidemiological surveillance and guide strategies focused on vector control and prevention in the region.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Dengue, Epidemiological Surveillance, Sociodemographic Factors, Vector-Borne Diseases, Peru. (Source: MeSH-NLM)
  topic: keywords
creator: Víctor Guzmán Tripul
creator: Rosa Liliana Solís Castro
creator: Edith Solís Castro
creator: Rubén Hernán Alfaro Aguilera
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Víctor Guzmán, Liliana Solís, Edith Solís, Rubén Alfaro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 14
ending page: 19
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.003

Predisposing factors associated with dengue, chikungunya and leptospirosis in patients with febrile syndrome in the department of Tumbes, Peru
type: item
description: Objective: Tó evaluate the assóciatión between demógraphic and seasónal factórs and the óccurrence óf dengue, chikungunya, and leptóspirósis amóng patients with febrile syndróme in Tumbes during 2024. Materials and Methods: A retróspective analysis was cónducted using 13,148 recórds fróm the epidemiólógical surveillance system, cónsidering variables such as age, sex, and mónth óf nótificatión. Results: Dengue was the móst frequent etiólógy (15.5%), fóllówed by leptóspirósis (2.2%) and chikungunya (1.3%). Significant assóciatións were fóund between disease óccurrence and age gróup, as well as sex. Regarding seasónality, dengue shówed higher incidence between March and May, peaking in April, whereas leptóspirósis increased fróm May ónward and predóminated tóward the end óf the year. Conclusions: The findings demónstrate distinct patterns that reinfórce the impórtance óf a syndrómic appróach and timely diagnósis tó impróve the surveillance and cóntról óf these diseases.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Dengue; Chikungunya Virus; Leptóspirósis; Fever; Epidemiólógy. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Víctor Guzmán Tripul
creator: Rosa Liliana Solís Castro
creator: Edith Solís Castro
creator: Rubén Alfaro Aguilera
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mg. Víctor Guzmán, Liliana Solís, Edith Solís, Rubén Alfaro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 20
ending page: 26
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.004

Cat scratch disease: case report in a child
type: item
description: Introduction: Bartonella Henselae is a gram-negative bacterium that lives in cats that come into direct contact with feces and bites from infected fleas. Case report: A 5-year-old boy presented with prolonged fever and painful lymphadenopathy on the right side of his face. The diagnosis was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence testing for IgM and IgG antibodies against Bartonella Henselae. Discussion: The clinical presentation was consistent with a case of cat scratch disease, exhibiting its typical clinical manifestations. The patient's recovery was long, favorable, and without sequelae, as described in the literature. Conclusion: This case highlights the high incidence of prolonged febrile illnesses in the Tumbes Region and the lack of laboratory methods for their timely diagnosis.
subject: Reporte de casos
  topic: section
subject: Bartonella Henselae; Lymphadenopath; Cat scratch; Tumbes. (Fuente: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: MAURO MEZA OLIVERA
creator: Mai Ling Guevara Terán
creator: Fiorela Alexandra Echeverre Alemán
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MAURO MEZA OLIVERA, Mai Ling Guevara Terán, Fiorela Alexandra Echeverre Alemán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 62
ending page: 66
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.009

Maternal Complementary Feeding Practices Associated with Anemia in Children Aged 6–24 Months
type: item
description: Objective: To determine if there is an association between maternal practices on complementary feeding and anemia in children 6-24 months of age. Material and methods: An analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out in which 185 children from 6 to 24 months of age were included, using selection criteria that were divided into the presence or absence of childhood anemia, based on chi-square and the prevalence ratio statistician. Results: It was obtained that the frequency of child malnutrition, acute diarrheal disease and maternal anemia were significantly higher in the group of patients with child anemia (p<0.05), inadequate maternal practices on complementary feeding are associated with anemia in children aged 6- 24 months of age with a PR of 3.83 being significant with the value of p<0.05, within the multivariate analysis the variables inadequate eating practices, infant malnutrition, acute diarrheal disease and maternal anemia were identified as factors associated with infant anemia. Conclusion: there is an association between inadequate maternal practices on complementary feeding and anemia in children 6-24 months of age.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Association, maternal practices on complementary feeding, childhood anemia. (Source DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Kathelyn Analí Gonzales Pardo
creator: Cristian Díaz Vélez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 252
ending page: 260
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.036

Adherence as a Critical Survival Variable in Dengue: Evidence from the Peruvian Experience
type: item
description: El dengue persiste como una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad evitable en América Latina. Aunque los avances diagnósticos han mejorado la detección temprana de casos, la letalidad continúa asociada a un elemento directamente asociado a la ejecución clínica que adopta protocolos establecidos basados en evidencias. La distancia entre lo normado y lo realizado en la práctica clínica constituye un terreno poco explorado y, sin embargo, decisivo en la evolución de los pacientes con dengue. La experiencia en el Perú, durante el 2023, el país alcanzó 444 fallecidos por dengue, con una tasa de letalidad de 0.17 %, claramente por encima del estándar internacional. La presencia de normativas técnicas actualizadas no se tradujo en resultados clínicos óptimos, revelando un problema estructural: no existía un mecanismo nacional que verificara la adherencia a los pasos críticos del manejo clínico del dengue. Sin indicadores, la calidad de la atención dependía de decisiones individuales, variables entre establecimientos y regiones, lo que favoreció errores diagnósticos, retrasos terapéuticos y fallas en la clasificación de riesgo.(1) La literatura científica ha señalado este vacío desde hace más de una década, demostraron que la supervivencia en dengue no depende de la disponibilidad de medicamentos específicos, sino de la exactitud con que se interpretan los signos clínicos y se ejecutan las intervenciones indicadas en los protocolos(2). Revisiones recientes confirman que el pronóstico no se liga exclusivamente al acceso hospitalario, sino a la consistencia del proceso clínico, particularmente en el primer nivel de atención, donde se toman las decisiones iniciales que condicionan el curso de la enfermedad(3,4).
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Moisés Apolaya Segura
creator: Bessy Lescano Cabellos
creator: Juan Nunura Reyes
creator: Mercado Noriega Alejandro
creator: Maria del Carmen Reyna Maurial
creator: Fernando Lizarbe Huayta
creator: Espinal Ramirez Michell
creator: Aleksander Cvetkovic-Vega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Moisés Apolaya Segura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 215
ending page: 217
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.031

Altered body mass index and gestational complications: a case-control study in primary healthcare
type: item
description: Introduction: Alterations in body mass index during pregnancy represent a significant risk factor for maternal complications. Material and methods: Through a 1:1 matched case-control design, we evaluated the association between altered BMI and gestational complications in one hundred pregnant women at the San Isidro I-3 Health Center in Tambogrande, Piura, between 2020 and 2021. Cases included pregnant women with BMI outside the normal range (less than 18 or greater than 29 kg/m²), while controls had normal BMI, matched by age. Results: Women with altered BMI had six times higher odds of developing complications (OR=5.95; 95%CI: 2.2216.67; p=0.0001). Notably, pregnancy-induced hypertension showed a particularly strong association (OR=16.71; 95%CI: 2.36-713.74; p=0.0006). When stratified by obesity type, women with class II obesity presented 5.62 times higher risk of gestational hypertension and 4.38 times higher risk of preeclampsia compared to those with normal weight. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of early nutritional monitoring in prenatal care at the primary care level as a fundamental preventive strategy.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Obesity, maternal; Pregnancy complications; Primary health care (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Jenny Elizabeth Valle Ríos
creator: Dayanna Lucia Dioses-Fernandez
creator: Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque
creator: LUZ MARIA Moyano Vidal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jenny Valle, Dayanna Dioses-fernández, Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque, LUZ MARIA Moyano Vidal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 280
ending page: 286
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.040

Epilepsy and inhibitory neurotransmission: the role of gaba in neuronal balance and brain excitability
type: item
description: Diábetic neuropáthic páin ánd epilepsy sháre á common páthophysiologicál básis involving áltered neuronál excitábility driven by ion chánnel dysfunction ánd impáired neurotránsmission. In epilepsy, γ-áminobutyric ácid (GABA) pláys á centrál role ás the primáry inhibitory neurotránsmitter, máintáining the excitátion–inhibition bálánce through GABA_A ánd GABA_B receptors. During epileptogenesis, álterátions in GABA synthesis, releáse, reuptáke, ánd receptor function occur, álongside disruptions in intrácellulár chloride homeostásis reguláted by KCC2 ánd NKCC1. These chánges máy shift GABAergic signáling from inhibitory to depolárizing, promoting neuronál hyperexcitábility. Additionálly, dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons ánd gliál cells contributes to ábnormál neuronál synchronizátion ánd seizure propágátion. Together, these mechánisms fácilitáte the onset ánd máintenánce of epileptic áctivity. A deeper understánding of these processes highlights potentiál therápeutic tárgets, including modulátion of GABAergic receptors ánd ion tránsporters, párticulárly in drug- resistánt epilepsy.
subject: Contribuciones especiales
  topic: section
subject: Epilepsy; Gámmá-Aminobutyric Acid; Neurotránsmission; Neuronál Excitábility; Ion Chánnels. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Caroline Alexandra Blas De La Cruz
creator: Sthefany Milagros Berrocal Inocente
creator: Rosario Mercedes Angulo Inocente
creator: Ximena Alejandra Angeles Pumayalla
creator: Washington Alfonso Trujillo Ulloa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Caroline Alexandra Blas De La Cruz, Sthefany M. Berrocal Inocente, Rosario M. Angulo Inocente, Ximena A. Angeles Pumayalla, Washington Alfonso Trujillo-Ulloa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 53
ending page: 61
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.008

Physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the regulation of the menstrual cycle in perimenopausal women
type: item
description: This review describes the physiology of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, its neuroendocrine regulation, and its role in menstrual cycle variability during the perimenopausal transition. A narrative review was conducted focusing on pulsatile GnRH secretion, pituitary responses of FSH and LH, ovarian steroidogenesis, and age-related ovarian changes. Perimenopause is characterized by progressive disruption of negative feedback mechanisms, with decreased inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone levels, marked estradiol fluctuations, and irregular elevations of FSH, leading to anovulatory cycles and menstrual irregularity. Hormonal variability also affects the central nervous system, modulating neurotransmitters, thermoregulation, and cerebral metabolism. Understanding these mechanisms helps explain neuroendocrine symptoms and supports clinical strategies based on hormonal education, individualized management, and metabolic monitoring.
subject: Artículo de Revisión
  topic: section
subject: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM II); Obesity; HCV; HBV; HIV; Hepatic Steatosis; Gender. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Brisayda Mabet Torrealva Lázaro
creator: Jheremy Jherly Teodoro Maza
creator: Ariana Valeria Silva Carranza
creator: Nayely Xiomara Soto Aguilar
creator: Oscar Lenin López Amaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Brisayda Mabet Torrealva Lázaro, Jheremy J. Teodoro Maza, Ariana V. Silva Carranza, Nayely X. Soto Aguilar, Oscar Lenin López Amaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 37
ending page: 46
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.006

Physiology of vitamin d and bone metabolism: implications for osteoporosis and rickets
type: item
description: Vitamin D is important for the endocrine regulation of mineral metabolism and bone integrity. Its synthesis in the skin from ultraviolet B radiation, together with its conversion in the liver and kidneys, allows the formation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which regulates intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, modulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), and participates in bone remodeling. Vitamin D metabolism is influenced by factors such as FGF23 and Klotho, which interact to maintain mineral homeostasis in the body. Vitamin D deficiencies manifest clinically as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, while in adulthood it can lead to osteoporosis, characterized by bone loss and increased risk of fractures. Currently, vitamin D deficiency remains a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide, including a significant percentage of the population in Peru. This review addresses the physiological mechanisms involved in bone metabolism and the clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment. It concludes that, despite advances in understanding the physiology of vitamin D, there are important áreas that require further research to comprehensively address the treatment and prevention of these bone diseases.
subject: Artículo de Revisión
  topic: section
subject: Vitamin D; Bone and Bones; Osteoporosis; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency; Public Health (Fuente: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Victor Daniel Martinez Ulloa
creator: Alexis Gabriel Saavedra Pascual
creator: Angélica Del Pilar Luna Albarrán
creator: Lilian Milagritos Miñano Vega
creator: Lenin López Amaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Victor D. Martinez Ulloa, Alexis G. Saavedra Pascual, Angélica D. Luna Albarrán, Lilian M. Miñano Vega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 272
ending page: 279
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.039

Factors associated with BLEE antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in childrenunder 5 years of age treated at a hospital in Trujillo 2024.
type: item
description: This study focused on identifying the factors associated with urinary tract infection in pediatric patients. Objective: To determine the factors associated with BLEE-type antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in children under five years of age treated at a hospital in Trujillo – 2024. Material and methods: A retrospective, analytical, observational case-control study was conducted. The sample comprised 110 pediatric patients treated at a hospital in Trujillo, of whom 55 were cases (UTI with positive urine culture for E. coli) and 55 were controls (UTI with negative urine culture for E. coli). The Chi-square test was performed to measure how closely the variables were associated and to calculate the odds ratio (OR). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to adjust the OR, using the SPSS program. Data were collected over a period of four months using a results collection form. Results: Female sex was 66.7%; UTI recurrence was 68.5% with an OR= 8.35, and previous hospitalization in the last 3 months was 66.7% with an OR= 8.26, which were risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in UTIs. Conclusion: Factors associated with BLEE-type antimicrobial resistance in UTI in children under five years of age are female sex, previous hospitalization in the last three months, and recurrence of UTI.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: urinary tract infection, risk factors, pediatrics. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Alexandra Rosales Fernández
creator: Juan Lorgio Castillo Castillo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 arosales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 266
ending page: 271
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.038

INTRALOBAR PULMONARY SEQUESTRATION AS A CAUSE OF RECURRENT PNEUMONIAS IN AN ADULT WOMAN: A CASE REPORT
type: item
description: Introduction: Intralobar pulmonary sequestration (IPS) is an uncommon congenital malformation in adults, characterized by non-functioning lung tissue supplied by an aberrant systemic artery. Its clinical and radiologic presentation may mimic recurrent pneumonias or pulmonary neoplasms, leading to diagnostic delays. Case of report: We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with a history of asthma and insulin resistance, who had recurrent right lower lobe pneumonias since 2018. In December 2023, during the most severe episode, initial chest CT suggested a possible pulmonary neoplasm; however, a second radiologic interpretation identified a basal pseudomass with an aberrant systemic artery consistent with pulmonary sequestration. Further imaging at referral centers confirmed anomalous arterial supply from the thoracic aorta. In May 2024, a right lower lobectomy was performed via thoracotomy, revealing an intraparenchymal aberrant artery. Pathology confirmed complicated IPS with fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and chronic inflammation. Conclusion: IPS should be considered in adults presenting with recurrent pneumonias and basal lung lesions. Clinical–radiologic correlation, particularly the identification of an aberrant systemic artery, is essential for establishing the correct diagnosis and guiding definitive treatment.
subject: Reporte de casos
  topic: section
subject: Pulmonary sequestration; Pneumonia, Recurrent; Case Reports. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Luz María Moyano Vidal
creator: Ricardo Taipe Mallqui
creator: Roly Pablo Gonzaga Vílchez
creator: Narcisa Reto Otero
creator: Raquel Herrer Ticse
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dra. Luz María Moyano Vidal, Dr. Ricardo Taipe-Mallqui, Mr. Roly Gonzaga-Vilchez, Dra. Narcisa Reto Otero, Dra. Raquel Herrer Ticse https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 261
ending page: 265
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.037

Peripheral Ion Channel Dysfunction as a Physiological Mechanism of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
type: item
description: Diábetic neuropáthic páin is á common ánd disábling complicátion of diábetes mellitus. Ráther thán á simple distál áxonál polyneuropáthy, it cán be conceptuálized ás án ácquired peripherál chánnelopáthy. Chronic hyperglycemiá, dyslipidemiá, oxidátive stress, ádvánced glycátion end products, ánd microángiopáthy creáte á metábolic ánd inflámmátory microenvironment thát dámáges peripherál nerves, Schwánn cells, ánd the vásá nervorum, promoting demyelinátion, chronic ischemiá, ánd persistent neuroinflámmátion. In this context, nociceptive neurons in the dorsál root gángliá undergo ion chánnel reprográmming, chárácterized by overexpression of sodium chánnels (Náv1.7, Náv1.8), T-type cálcium chánnels (Cáv3.2), tránsient receptor potentiál chánnels (TRPV1, TRPA1), ánd purinergic receptors (P2X3), álong with reduced stábilizing potássium currents. The result is á chronicálly hyperexcitáble nociceptor with á lowered áctivátion threshold, ectopic dischárges, ánd repetitive firing, clinicálly mánifesting ás állodyniá, hyperálgesiá, ánd spontáneous páin. This model expláins why current treátments often provide only pártiál relief, ás they moduláte nociceptive tránsmission without correcting the primáry ion chánnel dysfunction. Therefore, future mánágement should focus on tárgeted ion chánnel therápies ánd the development of biomárkers to enáble pátient strátificátion ánd personálized treátment strátegies.
subject: Contribuciones especiales
  topic: section
subject: Diábetic Neuropáthies; Neurálgiá; Ion Chánnels; Dorsál Root Gángliá; Hyperglycemiá. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafael Beltrán Osorio
creator: Tamara Fernanda Garibay Culcos
creator: Marcela María Gonzales Tarazona
creator: Jesús Eduardo Guaylupo Montenegro
creator: Fredy Jampol Guevara Alvarado
creator: Braian Anthony Haro Villanueva
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rafael Beltrán Osorio, Tamara Fernanda Garibay Culcos, Marcela María Gonzales Tarazona, Jesús Eduardo Guaylupo Montenegro, Fredy Jampol Guevara Alvarado, Braian Anthony Haro Villanueva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 47
ending page: 52
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.007

“Numerical inconsistencies in 'albumin' and 'bulky disease' in patients ≥80 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma”
type: item
description: El artículo “Impacto de la albúmina en la sobrevida de los pacientes ancianos con linfoma difuso de células B grandes (LDCBG)” de Beltrán BE et al. (1) constituye una valiosa contribución para la oncología hematológica peruana. Los autores evidencian que la hipoalbuminemia se asocia significativamente con menor sobrevida global, hallazgo congruente con estudios internacionales que identifican la albúmina sérica como un marcador pronóstico independiente del estado inflamatorio y nutricional en neoplasias hematológicas (2,3).
subject: Cartas al editor
  topic: section
creator: Marco Antonio Miñano Quiroz
creator: Cristian Díaz Vélez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marco Antonio Miñano Quiroz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 208
ending page: 209
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.030

Collaborative Research Networks to Transform Public Health in Latin America
type: item
description: La investigación científica es el motor del desarrollo y la herramienta más poderosa para enfrentar los desafíos en salud pública. Sin embargo, en América Latina, la fragmentación institucional, las brechas de financiamiento y la escasa interoperabilidad de los sistemas de información han limitado la capacidad de generar conocimiento aplicable a las políticas sanitarias. En este contexto, las redes de investigación colaborativa emergen como una estrategia esencial para fortalecer la evidencia científica y su traducción en decisiones públicas efectivas.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Cristian Díaz-Vélez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cristian Díaz-Vélez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 133
ending page: 135
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.021

Hospital Risk Factors for Neonatal Mortality: A New Strategy
type: item
description: Objective: To identify the main hospital risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in a regional hospital in northern Peru. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study analyzed 619 hospitalized newborns and 78 deaths in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of JAMO Regional Hospital II-2, Tumbes, from 2019 to 2021. Birth weight, hospitalization time, and basic cause of death were evaluated. Results: The highest mortality occurred in newborns weighing < 1250g, mainly between the 3rd and 7th day of hospitalization. Neonatal sepsis was the leading cause of death (47.8 % in < 1000 g and 71.4 % in 1000–1249 g). Conclusions: The critical neonatal mortality weight identified was 1250 g. Strengthening hospital biosecurity and implementing perinatal regionalization networks are essential strategies to reduce neonatal mortalit.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Neonatal mortality, prematurity, hospital sepsis, intensive care, perinatal regio- nalization. Source: DeCS-BIREME
  topic: keywords
creator: Mauro Meza Olivera
creator: Teodoro Eduardo Peredo Cavassa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 MAURO MEZA OLIVERA, TEODORO EDUARDO PEREDO CAVASSA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 201
ending page: 207
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.029

Strategies to Enhance Healthcare Workers’ Quality of Work Life
type: item
description: Work life quality among healthcare personnel is a critical determinant of both profesional well-being and the effectiveness of health services. This review aimed to analyze strategies reported in the literature between 2020 and 2025 that address the improvement of healthcare workers’ quality of work life. A structured search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo, including original and review articles in Spanish and English. Findings revealed that the most effective interventions fall into five main dimensions: economic and contractual conditions, organizational climate, motivation and recognition, psychosocial support, and professional development. In high-income countries, flexible work policies, work-life balance, and participatory leadership have shown significant impact. In contrast, Latin American settings face persistent challenges such as job instability, excessive workload, and limited resources. In Peru, successful initiatives have been related to resilience programs, self-care practices, and continuous training. It is concluded that improving the quality of work life requires integrated and context-specific strategies. Incorporating this approach into health management is essential to enhance work force retention, reduce burnout, and ultimately improve patient care outcome
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Quality of Work Life; Health Personnel; Occupational Stress. Source: DeCS_BI- REME
  topic: keywords
creator: Jose Miguel Silva Rodriguez
creator: Gino Franklin Garavito Criollo
creator: Zully Duberly Valencia Cruz
creator: Andy Jimm Valencia Cruz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JOSE MIGUEL SILVA RODRIGUEZ, GINO FRANKLIN GARAVITO CRIOLLO, ZULLY DUBERLY VALENCIA CRUZ, ANDY JIMM VALENCIA CRUZ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 169
ending page: 173
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.025

Lessons Learned and Resilience Strategies in Post-Pandemic Maternal and Neonatal Care
type: item
description: Objective: To describe key lessons learned and resilience strategies implemented in maternal health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the responses of health systems and frontline personnel. Material and Methods: A narrative review of scientific literature and institutional documents published between 2020 and 2024 was conducted. Reports from WHO, the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MINSA), and regional articles on continuity of maternal services in crisis contexts were analyzed. Information was organized into thematic categories: continuity of care, management adaptations, workforce resilience, and institutional learning. Results: The pandemic initially caused a decline in prenatal checkups and access to obstetric services, revealing weaknesses in the health network. However, resilience strategies were identified, including the implementation of telemonitoring, prioritization of high-risk pregnancies, coordination across levels of care, and leadership by health professionals. At the institutional level, capacities were strengthened in epidemiological surveillance, risk communication, and mental health support for health personnel, promoting intersectoral and community collaboration. Conclusions: The pandemic experience reaffirmed the need to strengthen maternal health care within a resilient health system framework—person-centered, evidence-based, and community-oriented. Lessons learned should inform sustainable policies that ensure the continuity and quality of maternal and child health services in future public health emergencies.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19; resilience; maternal health; health services; public policy.
  topic: keywords
creator: CECILIA ISABEL SILVA SANDOVAL
creator: ELVA MARISELA RAMÍREZ LABAN
creator: JUDITH MARGOT GARCIA ORTIZ
creator: HIESICA ESTHER AGUIRRE DE ALEMAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mg. Cecilia I. Silva, Mg. Elva M. Ramírez, Mg. Judith M. García, Mg. Hiesica E. Abad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 184
ending page: 200
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.028

Differences in Postpartum Depression Among Adolescent, Young, and Advanced Maternal Age Mothers in Two Health Centers in Trujillo, 2024
type: item
description: Introduction: Postpartum depression is a mental health complication that significantly affects maternal and infant well-being, with variations potentially linked to maternal age and socioeconomic conditions. Objective: To compare the prevalence, severity, and associated factors of postpartum depression among adolescent, young adult, and older postpartum women in two health centers in Trujillo during 2024. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing 141 medical records of postpartum women. The prevalence and severity of postpartum depression were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and associated sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed. Results: Of the participants, 7.8% were adolescents, 76.6% were young adults, and 15.6% were older adults. No significant differences in the prevalence of postpartum depression were found among age groups; however, being a single mother was significantly associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression (RR = 1.5; p = 0.05) according to Poisson regression analysis, while economic problems and other variables did not show a significant association. Conclusion: Postpartum depression similarly affects women across different age groups; however, social factors such as single motherhood increase the risk. It is recommended to implement emotional and social support strategies at all levels of care to prevent and manage postpartum depression effectively.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Postpartum depression, postpartum women, adolescence, maternal age, mental health, socioeconomic factors.
  topic: keywords
creator: Fernández Cárdenas Thanery Neidy
creator: Díaz-Vélez Cristian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fernández Cárdenas Thanery Neidy, Díaz-Vélez Cristian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 110
ending page: 120
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.18

Challenges in Research for Undergraduate Students: “We Are in Community, Not Alone.”
type: item
description: La investigación es el pilar fundamental en la formación de los estudiantes de las Escuelas de Medicina Humana y su integración en la curricula tiene como objetivo fortalecer el pensamiento crítico, la toma de decisiones basada en evidencia y el desarrollo de conocimiento orientado a resolver problemas sanitarios locales. Sin embargo, los estudiantes enfrentan numerosas barreras que dificultan la sostenibilidad y efectividad de esta integración. Estudios en Pakistán y Jordania en estudiantes de medicina identificaron barreras comunes en investigación, tales como: la falta de conocimiento metodológico (90 %), la ausencia de mentores capacitados (~86 %), la sobrecarga académica (> 88 %), una mentoría limitada (85,7 %) y los limitados recursos financieros y acceso a bases de datos. (1–3) Los problemas institucionales de Perú, como la escasa financiación, los limitados recursos de investigación, la inadecuada gestión y supervisión estatal y las inadecuadas políticas institucionales, se traducen en una escasa producción científica y una limitada visibilidad internacional. (4,5). Las barreras identificadas en nuestro país son similares a las descritas en medio oriente y estas limitaciones impactan negativamente en la productividad científica. (6,7) Aprovechando el desarrollo de la XIII Jornada científica y de investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, realizada los días 19-20 de junio; se llevó a cabo una mesa redonda organizada por la Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Humana, bajo el liderazgo de la estudiante Annia Valeria Silva Calderón. Durante esta actividad, se formularon seis preguntas clave a cinco docentes investigadores procedentes de diversas universidades públicas y privadas del país. La discusión giró en torno a los Retos que enfrentan los estudiantes de pregrado para insertarse en la investigación, temática que da título a esta editorial.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Guillermo Salvatierra
creator: Coralith Garcia APAC
creator: José Oswaldo Cabanillas Angulo
creator: Maria Edith Solis-Castro
creator: Luz M. Moyano Vidal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Guillermo Salvatierra, Coralith Garcia APAC , José Oswaldo Cabanillas Angulo , Maria Edith Solis-Castro , Luz M. Moyano Vidal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
starting page: 61
ending page: 64
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.011

TRANSPORT OF FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES IN THE INTESTINE: PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES
type: item
description: To describe the physiological mechanisms of intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport, their regulation, and implications in digestive diseases. A narrative review of recent physiological and biomedical literature was conducted, focusing on major intestinal transporters and channels (SGLT1, NHE3, DRA, ENaC, CFTR) and their neuroendocrine regulation. Intestinal transport depends on the interplay between active and passive mechanisms regulated by neurohormonal signals. Dysregulation causes disorders such as secretory diarrhea, Crohn’s disease, and short bowel syndrome. In secretory diarrhea, enterotoxins activate CFTR, increasing Cl- and water secretion; in Crohn’s disease, inflammation impairs absorption and barrier integrity; and in short bowel syndrome, resection induces compensatory functional and structural adaptations. Understanding intestinal transport physiology clarifies the pathophysiology of major gastrointestinal diseases and guides effective therapeutic strategies such as oral rehydration, early enteral nutrition, and hormonal modulators.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Intestinal transport; electrolytes; secretory diarrea; Crohn’s disease; short bowel syndrome. Source: DeCS-BIREME
  topic: keywords
creator: Jose Manuel Javier Alcantara
creator: Cesar Hoyos Cabrera
creator: Luis Iraita Cabero
creator: Jesus Medina Mendoza
creator: Pedro Medina Panta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jose Manuel Javier Alcantara, Cesar Hoyos Cabrera, Luis Iraita Cabero, Jesus Medina Mendoza, Pedro Medina Panta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 182
ending page: 183
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.027

Role of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Arterial Hypertension
type: item
description: The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathophysiology of hypertension (HTN), its link to cardiovascular damage, and advances in diagnosis and treatment are analyzed. The RAAS is involved in sustained vasoconstriction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular remodeling. Its chronic activation promotes the progression of HTN. Technologies such as Lab-on-a-Chip, POCT, and liquid biopsies, together with genetic biomarkers, have improved early diagnosis and therapeutic personalization. Although RAAS inhibitors remain key, new therapies targeting alternative pathways are being explored. Current knowledge allows for a more precise and personalized approach to the management of HTN.
subject: Contribuciones especiales
  topic: section
subject: Hypertension; Renin–Angiotensin System; Biomarkers; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques (Source: DecCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Caroline Andrea Grissell Zavaleta Olortegui
creator: Bryan Jhosue Zavaleta Aguirre
creator: Tatiana Lizeth Vivar Alva
creator: Bradly Aramel Segura Acosta
creator: Jorge Luis Ramirez Lopez
creator: Rafael Roberto Beltrán Osorio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zavaleta O. Caroline, Zavaleta Aguirre B., Vivar A. Tatiana, Aramel S. Acosta, Ramirez L. Jorge, Beltrán O. Rafael https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 244
ending page: 251
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.035

Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
type: item
description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by persistent and not fully reversible airflow limitation, resulting from a chronic inflammatory response to harmful particles, primarily tobacco smoke. Its pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation, airway remodeling, increased airway resistance, parenchymal destruction with loss of elastic recoil (emphysema), and air trapping, leading to impaired gas exchange. Additionally, COPD is associated with systemic manifestations, including diaphragmatic dysfunction and secondary pulmonary hypertension. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is essential to optimize clinical management and preventive strategies, particularly in regions with limited access to healthcare services, such as northern Peru.
subject: Artículo de Revisión
  topic: section
subject: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Airway Obstruction; Inflammation; Pulmonary Emphysema; Gas Exchange; Airway Remodeling. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: ROY FAUSTINO SANCHEZ SUYO
creator: XIOMARA YASMIN SALDAÑA SAGASTEGUI
creator: Genesis Aracelly Rodriguez Ancachi
creator: RUBI YELOMILL ROSAS AGUILAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Roy F. Sanchez Suyo, Xiomara Y. Saldaña Sagastegui, Genesis A. Rodriguez Ancachi, Rubi Y. Rosas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 27
ending page: 36
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2026.005

Hemodynamic Alterations in Patients with End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease UndergoingHemodialysis
type: item
description: End-stage chronic kidney disease causes significant alterations in the cardiovascular system, particularly in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Although this procedure is essential for removing toxins and regulating body fluid volume, it induces important hemodynamic changes that affect blood pressure and cardiac output. The most common complication is intradialytic hypotension, which may occur in multiple sessions and lead to dizziness, hypoperfusion of vital organs, and progressive clinical deterioration. This review aimed to describe the main hemodynamic changes associated with hemodialysis, explain the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and analyze the factors that compromise stability during treatment. It also examined interventions that may improve patient tolerance, including gradual adjustment of dry weight, the use of cooler dialysate solutions, nutritional assessment, and—in selected cases—techniques such as hemodiafiltration. Individualizing therapy according to each patient’s condition can reduce risks and optimize quality of life.
subject: Contribuciones especiales
  topic: section
subject: End-Stage Renal Disease; Hemodialysis; Hypotension; Hemodynamics; Cardiovascular Diseases
  topic: keywords
creator: José Antonio Rosas Alegre
creator: José Alberto Príncipe Pompa
creator: Santos Moisés Ramírez Chavarry
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 José Antonio Rosas Alegre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 240
ending page: 243
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.034

Interpretation of the ECG as a diagnostic tool in cardiac electrophysiology
type: item
description: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death globally, with cardiac electrical conduction disorders such as arrhythmias playing a key role in this burden. This review article presents an integrative approach to cardiac electrophysiology, from the physiological processes of the generation and propagation of the cardiac electrical signal, through the interpretation of ECG components and the evaluation of the cardiac vector. It includes diagnostic protocols using intracardiac recordings and explores emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence applied to ECG signal analysis, as well as the use of wearable multi-lead monitoring systems. These advances offer new insights for arrhythmia detection, risk segmentation, and therapeutic strategies. The article highlights the importance of promoting electrophysiological research and strengthening medical education with applied methodologies, aiming to enhance clinical training and cardiovascular care quality.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Artificial Intelligence; Education, Medical. Source: DeCS-BIREME
  topic: keywords
creator: Dennis Gerardo Mendoza Palma
creator: Gustavo Adolfo Ortega Contreras
creator: Mariesther Sarai Ortiz Valencia
creator: Jeanpierre Agustín Paredes Bautista
creator: Alessandro Humberto Pascacio Armas
creator: Rafael Roberto Beltrán Osorio
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dennis Gerardo Mendoza Palma, Gustavo Adolfo Ortega Contreras, Mariesther Sarai Ortiz Valencia, Jeanpierre Agustín Paredes Bautista, Alessandro Humberto Pascacio Armas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 174
ending page: 181
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.026

Digestive physiology and intestinal microbiota: functional integration, neuroendocrine regulationand clinical relevance
type: item
description: The digestive system plays a fundamental role in transforming food into nutrients usable by the body. This process involves a series of well-coordinated physiological mechanisms, ranging from mechanical and chemical digestion to the intestinal ab- sorption of macronutrients. Throughout the gastrointestinal tract, distinct regions and specialized structures progressively break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, enabling their subsequent transport into systemic circulation. In this context, the gut microbiota emerges as a key component, not only in fermenting non-digestible com- pounds but also in producing bioactive metabolites, modulating immune responses, and preserving the integrity of the intestinal barrier. The interaction between the mi- crobiota, intestinal epithelium, and enteric nervous system forms a functional axis that can be disrupted by various factors, leading to digestive dysfunctions with systemic implications. This review summarizes the main anatomical and physiological aspects of the digestive system, the mechanisms of intestinal absorption, and the key role of the microbiota, offering a useful conceptual basis for understanding functional altera- tions and proposing new therapeutic strategies.
subject: Artículo de Revisión
  topic: section
subject: Digestive physiology; intestinal absorption; gut microbiota; gastrointestinal system; gut-brain axis. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)
  topic: keywords
creator: Génesis Allison Ponce Correa
creator: Hellen Suley Saldaña Ramos
creator: Ayrton Dylan Moya Caruajulca
creator: Paolo Fabiano Monzón Rodriguez
creator: Daniel Levi Mendoza Falla
creator: Rafael Beltrán Osorio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Allison P. Correa, Hellen S. Ramos, Ayrton M. Caruajulca, Paolo F. Monzón, Daniel M. Falla, Rafael B. Osorio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 229
ending page: 239
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.033

Inflammatory Mechanisms in Action: Unraveling Their Central Role in Atherosclerosis
type: item
description: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the accumulation of lipid plaques that reduce blood flow. Its pathogenesis begins with endotelial dysfunction, triggered by hemodynamic stress, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and risk factors (hypertension, smoking), which increases vascular permeability and facilitates lipid infiltration in the intima. Subsequently, innate immunity is activated: monocytes attach to the endothelium by adhesion molecules (VCAM-1/ICAM-1), migrate to the subendothelial space and differentiate into macrophages. These, when phagocytosing oxLDL through receptors (CD36, LOX-1), are transformed into foam cells, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to cholesterol crystals or oxidative stress. This complex amplifies inflammation by processing IL-1β, perpetuating cell recruitment and plaque progression. The adaptive immune response involves T lymphocytes (Th1, Th17) and B cells, which exacerbate inflammation, while mediators such as chemokines (MCP-1) facilitate leukocyte migration. Plaque instability arises from collagen degradation (via metalloproteinases), necrotic core expansion, and defective angiogenesis, increasing the risk of ruptura and acute events (infarction, stroke). Currently, therapies seek to modulate these mechanisms through anti-inflammatory drugs (anti-IL-1β, colchicine), NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and microRNA regulation (miR-33) or epigenetics. This approach is crucial, given that cardiovascular complications associated with atherosclerosis are the leading cause of global death, with 1.9 million deaths annually in Latin America.
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Atherosclerosis, Atherosclerotic Plaque, LDL Lipoproteins, Inflammation. Source: DeCS-BIREME
  topic: keywords
creator: Isaac Julio Diego Chinchayan Valois
creator: Benjamín Adrián Barrenechea Varas
creator: Sandra Mariana Crisologo Acosta
creator: Nathaly Alexandra Castro Manrique
creator: Ivett Medalit Cadenillas Bernal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Isaac Julio Diego Chinchayan Valois, Benjamín Adrián Barrenechea Varas, Sandra Mariana Crisologo Acosta, Nathaly Alexandra Castro Manrique, Ivett Medalit Cadenillas Bernal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 158
ending page: 168
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.024

Knowledge of the preventive triad against rabies and associated factors in the Peruvian population: a cross-sectional study based on ENAPRES 2024
type: item
description: Introduction: Rabies remains a significant public health threat in Peru, with the canine variant predominating in urban transmission contexts. This viral disease, almost invariably fatal once symptoms appear, can be prevented through immediate wound washing with soap and water, identification of the biting animal, and timely medical care. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge about the preventive triad and its associated factors using data from the 2024 Encuesta Nacional de Programas Presupuestales (ENAPRES). Materials and Methods: The sample included 98,700 participants. Descriptive, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed, accounting for the complex survey design. Results: Only 3.56% of respondents correctly identified all three components of the preventive triad. The highest levels of knowledge were observed in Arequipa, while Apurímac, Ancash, Huancavelica, and Loreto reported the lowest. In the adjusted model, higher knowledge was observed among individuals aged 45–49 years (aOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 2.85–4.07) and residents of the highlands (aOR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04–1.21), while it was lower in the jungle region (aOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.69–0.84) and in rural areas (aOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.32–0.38). Conclusions: These findings reveal a critical gap in basic knowledge about rabies prevention, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen health education, particularly among young and rural populations, as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce exposure and improve responses to animal bites
subject: Artículo Original
  topic: section
subject: Human rabies, preventive triad, knowledge, Peru. Source: DeCS-BIREME
  topic: keywords
creator: Guillermo Salvatierra
creator: Marcelo Cardenas
creator: Cirene Santana
creator: Chiara Badell
creator: Diego Montañez
creator: Alex Yauyo
creator: Alejandra Castro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Guillermo Salvatierra, Marcelo Cardenas, Cirene Santana, Chiara Badell, Diego Montañez, Alex Yauyo, Alejandra Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 145
ending page: 157
doi: 10.57188/ricsa.2025.023