Potencial terapéutico de la manzanilla y la valeriana en la salud animal: una revisión integrativa, retos actuales y perspectivas futuras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2026.023Keywords:
Matricaria chamomilla, Valeriana officinalis, salud animal, fitoterapia, bienestar animalAbstract
La búsqueda de alternativas naturales para mejorar la salud y el bienestar animal ha impulsado el interés en plantas medicinales como la manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.) y la valeriana (Valeriana officinalis L.). Ambas poseen compuestos bioactivos con efectos ansiolíticos, sedantes, antioxidantes e inmunomoduladores, cuya acción sinérgica puede contribuir a reducir el estrés y optimizar el rendimiento productivo en animales de interés zootécnico. Esta revisión analiza la composición fitoquímica de ambas plantas, sus mecanismos de acción sobre el sistema nervioso central, sus aplicaciones documentadas en producción animal, y compara su eficacia y perfil de seguridad con fármacos convencionales. La búsqueda se realizó en Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO, considerando publicaciones de los últimos diez años. Los resultados indican que la apigenina de la manzanilla y el ácido valerénico de la valeriana actúan principalmente sobre los receptores GABA-A, ejerciendo efectos ansiolíticos y sedantes con baja toxicidad reportada en diversas especies. Ambas plantas presentan además propiedades antioxidantes e inmunomoduladoras de relevancia para el bienestar animal. Se concluye que la manzanilla y la valeriana representan alternativas naturales seguras y sostenibles para promover el bienestar y la productividad animal, aunque se requieren más estudios que estandaricen dosis, métodos de administración y evaluaciones toxicológicas a largo plazo en condiciones productivas reales.
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