Nutrición funcional para mitigar el estrés calórico en pollos de engorde: revisión narrativa con análisis cienciométrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2026.016Keywords:
estrés calórico, nutrición avícola, pollos de engorde, antioxidantes, bienestar animalAbstract
El estrés calórico representa una de las principales amenazas para la producción avícola intensiva, afectando el consumo de alimento, el crecimiento, la respuesta inmune y la integridad intestinal de los pollos de engorde, con consecuentes pérdidas económicas significativas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar y analizar críticamente la evidencia científica disponible sobre los mecanismos fisiológicos afectados por el estrés térmico y el impacto de las intervenciones nutricionales funcionales para mitigarlo. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science utilizando términos como broiler, heat stress, functional nutrition y antioxidant, abarcando publicaciones de los últimos diez años, con énfasis en artículos originales en inglés. Los resultados indican que aminoácidos funcionales —taurina, L-teanína, L-citrulina, betaína y glutamina— junto con compuestos antioxidantes como vitamina E, selenio, curcumina, espirulina y ácidos grasos omega-3, mejoran la homeostasis oxidativa, modulan la respuesta inmune y preservan la integridad de la mucosa gastrointestinal durante la exposición al calor. Además, la regulación neuroendocrina y el metabolismo energético pueden ser optimizados mediante estrategias nutricionales específicas. Se concluye que la nutrición funcional constituye una herramienta complementaria eficaz para fortalecer la resiliencia productiva de las aves frente al incremento térmico, aunque se requieren investigaciones adicionales que definan niveles óptimos de suplementación en condiciones comerciales diversas.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Massimo Levi Fernández-Gil, César Eduardo Honorio-Javes, Willman Alarcón Gutiérrez, Fredy Pajuelo Risco
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