Uso de coberturas vivas en un sistema de secano para conservar la humedad del suelo e incrementar el rendimiento de la quinua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/manglar.2021.056Abstract
El uso de coberturas puede traer múltiples ventajas a los sistemas de producción agrícola y a las propiedades de los suelos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar en un sistema con agricultura de secano, el efecto a corto plazo del trébol (Medicago hispida G.) y la arveja (Psium sativum L.) como coberturas vivas en la humedad del suelo y el rendimiento de la quinua, en las localidades de Patasucro, Qaqas, y Ccanis de Ayacucho, Perú. El experimento se condujo bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar, se empleó como tratamientos al trébol, la arveja y un testigo sin cobertura. La comparación de medias se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey (α 0,05). Con respecto al rendimiento, solo existieron diferencias significativas en la localidad de Qaqas, donde las coberturas superaron al control por 0,4 t ha-1 (trébol) y 0,29 t ha-1 (arveja). La humedad del suelo fue significativamente mayor en el trébol en las localidades de Qaqas y Patasucro, superando al control por 3,97% y 1,02%, respectivamente; la arveja y el control no presentaron diferencias estadísticas. Se sostiene que las mejoras en el rendimiento ocurrieron debido a la conservación de la humedad del suelo generada por el efecto de sombreamiento de las coberturas.
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