ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL ALTERADO Y COMPLICACIONES GESTACIONALES: ESTUDIO DE CASOS Y CONTROLES EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA DE SALUD: Altered body mass index and gestational complications: a case-control study in primary healthcare

Jenny Elizabeth Valle Ríos; Dayanna Lucia Dioses-Fernandez; Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque; LUZ MARIA Moyano Vidal

doi:10.57188/ricsa.2025.040

Authors

Jenny Elizabeth Valle Ríos Escuela de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Piura, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3988-8323 (unauthenticated)
Dayanna Lucia Dioses-Fernandez Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Tumbes, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-051X (unauthenticated)
Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-7022 (unauthenticated)
LUZ MARIA Moyano Vidal Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Tumbes, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-5782 (unauthenticated)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57188/ricsa.2025.040

Keywords:

Obesity, maternal; Pregnancy complications; Primary health care (Source: DeCS-BIREME)

Abstract

Introduction: Alterations in body mass index during pregnancy represent a significant risk factor for maternal complications. Material and methods: Through a 1:1 matched case-control design, we evaluated the association between altered BMI and gestational complications in one hundred pregnant women at the San Isidro I-3 Health Center in Tambogrande, Piura, between 2020 and 2021. Cases included pregnant women with BMI outside the normal range (less than 18 or greater than 29 kg/m²), while controls had normal BMI, matched by age. Results: Women with altered BMI had six times higher odds of developing complications (OR=5.95; 95%CI: 2.2216.67; p=0.0001). Notably, pregnancy-induced hypertension showed a particularly strong association (OR=16.71; 95%CI: 2.36-713.74; p=0.0006). When stratified by obesity type, women with class II obesity presented 5.62 times higher risk of gestational hypertension and 4.38 times higher risk of preeclampsia compared to those with normal weight. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of early nutritional monitoring in prenatal care at the primary care level as a fundamental preventive strategy.

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Altered body mass index and gestational complications: a case-control study in primary healthcare