Epilepsia y neurotransmisión inhibidora: el papel del gaba en el equilibrio neuronal y la excitabilidad cerebral: Epilepsy and inhibitory neurotransmission: the role of gaba in neuronal balance and brain excitability

Caroline Alexandra Blas De La Cruz; Sthefany Milagros Berrocal Inocente; Rosario Mercedes Angulo Inocente; Ximena Alejandra Angeles Pumayalla; Washington Alfonso Trujillo Ulloa

doi:10.57188/ricsa.2026.008

Authors

Caroline Alexandra Blas De La Cruz Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Perú. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0589-579X (unauthenticated)
Sthefany Milagros Berrocal Inocente Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Perú. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2405-5677 (unauthenticated)
Rosario Mercedes Angulo Inocente Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Perú. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2522-6449 (unauthenticated)
Ximena Alejandra Angeles Pumayalla Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Perú. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7609-0163 (unauthenticated)
Washington Alfonso Trujillo Ulloa Hospital III de EsSalud. Chimbote, Perú , Universidad César Vallejo, Escuela de Posgrado, Trujillo, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8315-9943 (unauthenticated)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57188/ricsa.2026.008

Keywords:

Epilepsy; Gámmá-Aminobutyric Acid; Neurotránsmission; Neuronál Excitábility; Ion Chánnels. (Source: DeCS-BIREME)

Abstract

Diábetic neuropáthic páin ánd epilepsy sháre á common páthophysiologicál básis involving áltered neuronál excitábility driven by ion chánnel dysfunction ánd impáired neurotránsmission. In epilepsy, γ-áminobutyric ácid (GABA) pláys á centrál role ás the primáry inhibitory neurotránsmitter, máintáining the excitátion–inhibition bálánce through GABA_A ánd GABA_B receptors. During epileptogenesis, álterátions in GABA synthesis, releáse, reuptáke, ánd receptor function occur, álongside disruptions in intrácellulár chloride homeostásis reguláted by KCC2 ánd NKCC1. These chánges máy shift GABAergic signáling from inhibitory to depolárizing, promoting neuronál hyperexcitábility. Additionálly, dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons ánd gliál cells contributes to ábnormál neuronál synchronizátion ánd seizure propágátion. Together, these mechánisms fácilitáte the onset ánd máintenánce of epileptic áctivity. A deeper understánding of these processes highlights potentiál therápeutic tárgets, including modulátion of GABAergic receptors ánd ion tránsporters, párticulárly in drug- resistánt epilepsy.

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Epilepsy and inhibitory neurotransmission: the role of gaba in neuronal balance and brain excitability