Role of the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase Pump in Ionic Regulation and Cellular Homeostasis
Rol de la bomba Na⁺/K⁺ ATPasa en la regulación iónica y el equilibrio homeostático celular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/Keywords:
odium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Homeostasis; Active Transport; Ion Channels; Cell Physiology. (Source: MeSH-NLM)Abstract
Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase is an essential transmembrane protein responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis through the regulation of sodium and potassium electrochemical gradients. This review aimed to analyze recent scientific evidence regarding the role of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in ionic regulation and cellular homeostasis, focusing on its molecular structure, active transport mechanism, physiological regulation, and involvement in pathological processes. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using recent publications in cellular physiology, molecular biology, and diseases associated with Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase dysfunction. Current evidence demonstrates that Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase not only maintains membrane potential, cell volume, and secondary active transport but also participates in intracellular signaling pathways, metabolic regulation, and tissue-specific adaptive responses. Its activity is finely regulated by the interaction of the α and β catalytic subunits with FXYD regulatory proteins, which modulate pump function according to cellular requirements. Impaired Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity resulting from hypoxia, acidosis, or energy depletion disrupts ionic balance, promotes cellular edema, and contributes to dysfunction of major organs, including the brain, heart, and kidneys. Overall, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase represents a fundamental regulator of cellular physiology and a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular, neurological, and renal disorders associated with impaired ionic homeostasis.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mesias Mendieta Valeria Rubi, Miranda Rojas José Daniel, Montoya Abanto Julio César
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