Aproximación a la epidemiología de la varroosis en apiarios de Chile Central
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2023.043Resumen
La varroosis es una enfermedad de las abejas causada por el ácaro Varroa destructor, cuya epidemiología está asociada a varios factores. Su control depende de aspectos ambientales o genéticos, pero también del manejo sanitario apícola. Para identificar algunos de sus aspectos epidemiológicos se estudiaron 58 apiarios ubicados en tres regiones de Chile Central. Los apiarios fueron monitoreados cinco veces en diferentes épocas. Se incorporaron factores relacionados con las prácticas de manejo por parte de los apicultores mediante una encuesta cualitativa. Se midieron las tasas de infestación por Varroa sp. y la fortaleza de la colmena en cada caso. Los resultados indicaron que las tasas de infestación por Varroa sp. son variables en relación a las prácticas de manejo, especialmente, respecto de la alimentación suplementaria (suplementos energéticos y proteicos), y respecto a las opciones de tratamiento varroicida. A pesar de los esfuerzos de los apicultores por tratar sus colonias, la prevalencia global de varroosis fue cercana al 53%. Esto indica que, para controlar eficazmente esta parasitosis se deben incluir metodologías adicionales y estandarizadas, desde un punto de vista holístico, que incluyan selección, mejoramiento genético, biotécnicas para el control de los ácaros y, en casos específicos, tratamientos territoriales coordinados.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Mayda Verde Jiménez, Leslie Vallejos, Jorge Demedio, Marnix Doorn, Verónica R. Olate-Olave
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