Hyperactivity of the adrenal gland: physiological bases of Cushing's syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/Keywords:
Cortisol, hypercortisolism, Cushing's syndrome, adrenal gland, ACTH, GlucocorticoidsAbstract
Adrenal gland hyperactivity causes an excessive increase in cortisol, leading to Cushing syndrome. It may result from prolonged glucocorticoid use (exogenous cause) or from internal alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, including tumors that produce cortisol or ACTH. The loss of negative feedback maintains high cortisol levels, producing metabolic, immunological, and neurological effects.
Chronic hypercortisolism disrupts glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, and fat and protein metabolism, causing centripetal obesity, purple striae, moon face, muscle weakness, hypertension, osteoporosis, and immunosuppression. Diagnosis is based on hormonal tests such as the dexamethasone suppression test and measurement of cortisol and ACTH. Treatment aims to correct the underlying cause through surgery, medications, or radiotherapy to prevent complications and reduce morbidity.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rafael Roberto Beltrán Osorio, Antony Brayan Melendez Machco, Ken L. Ramos Aguilar, Angie K. Rivera Diaz, Jesus J. Uribe Chavez, Jimy D. Vasquez Flores
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