Optimización de un protocolo de inducción de genes inmunitarios (Dicer-2 – Argonaute-2) del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei para su establecimiento como biomarcadores potenciales en programas de mejoramiento genético.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/manglar.2014.010Resumen
Como consecuencia de las grandes pérdidas económicas ocasionadas en el sector camaronero por el brote de enfermedades, la producción de lotes de camarones SPR ha empezado a tomar auge. Es por ello que varios trabajos de investigación han identificado diferentes efectores relacionados con la respuesta inmune celular y humoral, incluyendo el sistema ARNi, a fin de establecer marcadores moleculares aplicables dentro de los programas GAS. El estudio permitió determinar el patrón de expresión de dos de los principales genes (Dicer-2 y Argonaute-2) relacionados con el sistema ARNi como respuesta inmune antiviral en Litopenaeus vannamei. A partir de aplicación de dos inmunoestimulantes (LPS + Poly I:C) los niveles de expresión del gen Dicer-2 se incrementaron gradualmente durante las primeras 09H00 post-inducción, entre 6.5 (03H00), 8.8 (06H00) y 10.7 (09H00) veces mayores en comparación con los animales inyectados con SSC. Mientras que los niveles de expresión del gen Argonaute-2 alcanzaron un máximo pico a las 03H00 post-inducción (34.9 veces mayores que en los animales inyectados con SSC), en posteriores muestreos dichos valores disminuyeron drásticamente, pero se mantuvieron sobre expresados entre 06H00 (7.0), 09H00 (3.5) y 12H00 (1.2). Con los datos obtenidos se ha dado paso a la estandarización de un protocolo para la evaluación de los niveles de expresión de estos dos genes y su aplicación como marcadores moleculares, para la selección y el establecimiento de familias de camarones multiresistentes a infecciones virales dentro de los Programas de Mejoramiento Genético de Litopenaeus vannamei.
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