Hongos asociados con la pudrición de la corona en frutos de banano orgánico: Fuentes de inóculo, monitoreo de conidias, e impacto del ozono en el control de la enfermedad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2025.004Palabras clave:
pudrición de corona, fuentes de inóculo, ozono, severidad, conidiasResumen
La región Piura es la principal productora de banano orgánico en Perú, gracias a sus condiciones agroclimáticas ideales enfrenta pérdidas económicas significativas por la pudrición de corona. El objetivo fue identificar las fuentes de inóculo, monitorear cantidad de conidias en agua de proceso y evaluar el uso de ozono para manejar la enfermedad. Mediante montajes específicos a partir de tejidos necróticos se identificaron los patógenos, el monitoreo de conidios en agua fue por diluciones seriadas (UFC/ml). El gas ozono se inyectó en agua de lavado en concentraciones de 650, 800 y 900 ORP, donde las frutas fueron sumergidas y tratadas con duchas. El estudio identificó como principales fuentes de inóculo al raquis, vaina envolvente, inflorescencia, bellotas, frutos de descarte, hojas secas, ramas de mango, palma y vid. El monitoreo de conidias detectó entre 5,5 x 10⁵ y 8,1 x 10⁵ UFC/ml en el agua final de proceso. Los hongos aislados incluyeron Penicillium sp. (29%), Aspergillus sp. (23%), Fusarium sp. (21%) y Colletotrichum sp. (7,9%). Con el uso del ozono se redujo significativamente la severidad de la pudrición. En conclusión, el ozono demuestra ser una alternativa viable para inmersiones y duchas, recomendándose su uso en combinación con medidas de asepsia en la zona de empaque.
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Derechos de autor 2025 René Aguilar-Anccota, Robert Rafael-Rutte, Leydie Pasiche-Abad, Yuri H. Calle-Cheje, José A. Silupú-Masías, Javier Javier Alva, Edgar Maldonado D.
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