Tecnologías emergentes para la extracción de pectina a partir de residuos agroindustriales: Una revisión sistemática y bibliométrica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/Keywords:
Residuos agroalimentarios, ultrasonido, microondas, polisacáridos, extracción verdeAbstract
En los últimos años se ha incrementado el interés por la extracción de pectina a partir de residuos agroindustriales. No obstante, los métodos convencionales emplean disolventes tóxicos, tiempos prolongados y elevados requerimientos energéticos, lo que ha impulsado la adopción de tecnologías emergentes más sostenibles. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar sistemáticamente las técnicas más eficientes para la extracción de pectina, con énfasis en ultrasonido (UAE) y microondas (MAE). La búsqueda en Scopus y ScienceDirect, bajo la metodología PRISMA, permitió seleccionar 43 estudios publicados entre 2020 y abril de 2025. Los resultados evidencian que las tecnologías emergentes, permiten obtener mayor rendimiento, ahorro de tiempo y energía, además de minimizar el impacto ambiental y maximizar la calidad de la pectina en comparación con la extracción convencional. Con base en los estudios analizados, investigaciones futuras deben orientarse a la integración de estas tecnologías, tanto de manera secuencial como simultánea, con el fin de maximizar aún más el rendimiento y la calidad de la pectina. Además, es necesario optimizar parámetros operativos, evaluar su desempeño a escala piloto e industrial y considerar su viabilidad económica y ambiental, consolidando así su aplicación en la valorización de residuos agroindustriales hacia procesos más sostenibles y circulares.
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