La semilla de Persea americana Mill. como fuente de compuestos fenólicos: optimización del proceso de extracción mediante superficie de respuesta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2026.003Keywords:
Semilla de aguacate, compuestos fenólicos, capacidad antioxidante, ácido acético, extracción verdeAbstract
Se optimizó la extracción de compuestos fenólicos con actividad antioxidante de semillas de Persea americana Mill. var. Breda mediante maceración asistida por agitación. Se empleó la Metodología de Superficie de Respuesta (RSM) con un diseño compuesto central rotacional (CCDR) para evaluar los efectos de la concentración de etanol (30% – 80%), ácido acético (1% – 3%) y tiempo (20 – 70 min) sobre el contenido de fenoles (TPC), flavonoides (TFC) y capacidad antioxidante (DPPH y ABTS). Los valores experimentales oscilaron entre 36,38 – 76,21 mg GAE/g (TPC); 0,42 – 2,68 mg QE/g (TFC); 14,32 – 27,35 mg TE/g (DPPH) y 24,67 – 43,20 mg TE/g (ABTS). El etanol fue el factor más influyente. Las condiciones óptimas (70% etanol, 2,5% ácido acético, 60 min) alcanzaron una deseabilidad de 0,803, con valores predichos de: 63,90 mg GAE/g (TPC); 2,52 mg QE/g (TFC); 17,37 mg TE/g (DPPH) y 33,67 mg TE/g (ABTS). Se halló una correlación positiva entre TPC y TFC, y negativa con la actividad antioxidante, atribuida a la diversidad estructural de los compuestos, su reactividad diferencial y la influencia del pH sobre su protonación. El método es eficaz y sostenible, resaltando el potencial de este subproducto como fuente de compuestos fenólicos para la industria alimentaria o farmacéutica.
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Copyright (c) 2026 David Callirgos Romero, Renires dos Santos Teixeira, Shadai Mendes Silva, Leonardo Nora, Cesar Valmos
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