Origen, distribución y dinámica de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas: implicaciones edáficas y ambientales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2025.030Palabras clave:
movilidad, biodisponibilidad, sostenibilidad, productividad agrícola, agroecologíaResumen
El aumento de la actividad industrial, minera y agrícola, especialmente debido al uso intensivo de fertilizantes, junto con el riego con aguas residuales ha incrementado significativamente la presencia de metales pesados en los suelos agrícolas. Entre los contaminantes más comunes se encuentran el cadmio (Cd), el plomo (Pb), el mercurio (Hg) y el arsénico (As). Este artículo de revisión analiza el comportamiento de estos metales en el suelo, su retención y los efectos que generan, considerando las propiedades del suelo como un factor clave. También se examina su movilidad y disponibilidad en suelos agrícolas, explicando cómo dependen de factores como el pH, la materia orgánica, la textura del suelo y la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC). Además, se estudia cómo varía la absorción de estos contaminantes según la especie vegetal, la disponibilidad del metal en el suelo y las características fisicoquímicas del terreno. El estudio destaca la urgencia de implementar sistemas de monitoreo continuo, fomentar prácticas agrícolas sostenibles y aplicar regulaciones más estrictas para mitigar la contaminación de los suelos agrícolas. Futuras investigaciones deberían centrarse en el desarrollo de modelos predictivos sobre la dinámica de metales pesados en distintos tipos de suelo, la evaluación a largo plazo de técnicas de biorremediación y el impacto combinado del cambio climático y las prácticas agrícolas en la movilidad de estos contaminantes.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Mario A. Anaya-Raymundo, Alejandro Ruíz-Janje, Luz P. Blas-Montenegro, Rafael M. Angulo-Valdivia, Dante P. De la Cruz Cámaco
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Manglar is an open access journal distributed under the terms and conditions of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license
