Enfermedades fungosas asociadas al cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) y alternativas de control químico in vitro y en condiciones hidropónicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/Palavras-chave:
Lechuga, hidroponía, patogenicidad, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, in vitroResumo
La lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) es una de las hortalizas de hoja más importantes cultivada ampliamente en todo el mundo, en condiciones hidropónicas presenta enfermedades que generan pérdidas económicas y una fluctuación negativa en su comercialización. Con el objetivo de identificar los agentes causales, describir su sintomatología e implementar propuestas de control químico; se recolectaron muestras de plantas enfermas y se obtuvieron aislados en placas de Petri con medio de cultivo papa dextrosa agar; desarrollado el hongo se hicieron repiques para obtener el cultivo puro. Con los hongos aislados se hicieron pruebas de patogenicidad. In vitro se probaron 7 tratamiento y 1 testigo mediante la técnica del medio envenenado. In vivo se realizaron ensayos tanto en sustrato estéril y no estéril, a los 5 días después de la siembra, 10 y 20 días después del trasplante se aplicaron 7 tratamientos y 1 testigo, evaluándose el peso fresco de lechuga cosechada. Se identificó a los hongos Alternaría solani causando mancha foliar, Rhizoctonia solani causando pudrición del cuello, Fusarium sp. causando marchitez, y Pythium sp. causando pudrición de la raíz. In vitro, los tratamientos T7 “Parachupadera” (flutolanil+captan) y T8 “Aliette” (fosetyl aluminio) inhibieron al 100 % el crecimiento de los hongos Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani y Fusarium sp. In vivo en el ensayo con sustrato no estéril “Licthor” (Extracto de Saccharum officinarum) obtuvo el primer lugar con 174 gramos de peso fresco, en el ensayo con sustrato estéril “Parachupadera” obtuvo el primer lugar con 122,8 gramos.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 René Aguilar-Anccota, Andry C. Guillen-Juárez1, Edgar Maldonado-Duque, Robert Rafael- Rutte, José A. Silupú-Masías, Yuri H. Calle-Cheje, Arturo Morales- Pizarro
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