Impacto de la melaza y el silicato sobre bacterias del género Bacillus y Vibrio en sedimentos acuícolas: Un análisis metagenómico comparativo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2025.016Keywords:
acuicultura, comunidades bacterianas, insumos, proliferación, secuenciaciónAbstract
La gestión de comunidades microbianas en sistemas acuícolas es fundamental para mantener la sanidad del ambiente y favorecer la producción sostenible. En particular, bacterias del género Bacillus presentan propiedades benéficas, mientras que Vibrio incluye especies patógenas que afectan negativamente la salud de los cultivos. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la melaza y el silicato sobre la composición bacteriana del sedimento, enfocándose en la abundancia relativa de ambos géneros. Se recolectaron sedimentos en tres sitios de Puerto Hualtaco, Ecuador (compuerta de camaronera, manglar virgen y muelle), y se sometieron a tratamientos con melaza (84 mg/L), silicato (34 mg/L) y un control sin insumos. Las comunidades bacterianas fueron analizadas mediante secuenciación metagenómica. Los resultados mostraron que Bacillus fue más abundante en los controles del manglar y muelle, pero disminuyó en los tratamientos; solo en la compuerta camaronera se observó un ligero aumento. En cambio, Vibrio incrementó en todos los tratamientos, lo que sugiere que estos insumos favorecen su proliferación. También se detectaron cambios en otros géneros bacterianos, reflejando la influencia de los nutrientes sobre la microbiota. Este estudio aporta evidencia sobre el impacto de ciertos insumos en la estructura microbiana del sedimento, subrayando la necesidad de estrategias que promuevan bacterias benéficas en acuicultura.
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